The answer to your question about sending special characters is you percent encode them. If you do not, you can and will have problems with URLs not being parsed correctly.
The problem is a lot of servers do not handle URL decoding correctly. Edge is encoding the URL as required by the appropriate specifications, but the servers are not correctly applying the rules to decode URLs correctly - they should handle percent decoding of any character and reserved characters (which is the case here) correctly. The specification is RFC 3986, section 2.
Of course, this does not really solve your problem.